Breast Cancer

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer starts in the breast tissue, most commonly in the cells that line the milk ducts of the breast. Some cancers start in the glands that make breast milk. Many types of breast cancer cause a lump in the breast, but not all do. Check out the signs and symptoms section to find out more.

How Common is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females in Malaysia. It accounts for 32.1% of cancers in females and less than 1% in males.

According to the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report (2007–2011), 31.1 breast cancer cases were diagnosed per 100,000 population. The incidence was highest in Chinese (1 in 22), followed by Indian (1 in 24) and Malay (1 in 35).

The risk increases with age. Women aged 40 years and above are at moderate risk, while women aged 50 years and above are most often affected.

INCIDENCE RATE (ASR) FOR TEN MOST COMMON CANCERS

AGE-STANDARDIZED RATE (WORLD) PER 100,000 POPULATION

What Are the Survival Rates?

The earlier breast cancer is found and treated, the better the chances of survival. Did you know that 9 out of 10 women can survive breast cancer if it is found and treated early?

Currently, many breast cancers are detected at a late stage, reducing survival chances.

Watch out for the signs and symptoms and get checked as soon as you notice any abnormalities.

If you notice these signs or symptoms, see your doctor immediately.

Signs & Symptoms

Breast Self-Examination

Follow this guide to check your breasts for any abnormal changes. If you notice any warning signs, see your doctor immediately.

Who Is at Risk?

The risk of breast cancer increases with age, especially for women aged 40 and above. Other risk factors include:

  • History of breast cancer
  • Having a close relative with breast cancer
  • Lifestyle factors such as being overweight, inactive, or drinking alcohol
  • Using Hormone Replacement Therapy
  • Having first child at age 30 or later
  • Early menstruation (before age 12)
  • Late menopause (after age 55)

How Can You Reduce Your Risk?

Screening & Diagnosis

Screening can detect cancer before symptoms appear. Treatment is most effective when detected early. Malaysian screening guidelines include:

  • At any age, see a doctor urgently if you notice any symptoms.
  • Women aged 50 years and above should have a mammogram every 2 years.

Two main screening tests are commonly used:

  • Clinical Breast Examination (CBE): A physical exam performed by trained professionals.
  • Mammogram: X-ray imaging of the breasts to detect small changes.

Treatment

  • Various treatment options are available. Consult your doctor for advice.
  • List of government hospitals in Malaysia available here.
  • More information on colorectal cancer can be found under Resources.

Male Support

  • Breast cancer affects women and also impacts the men in their lives.
  • Support from husbands and partners is important for screening and treatment.
  • Men should encourage screening and offer emotional support during treatment.